Garageband 5. 1 Surround Sound
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5.1 surround sound ('five-point one') is the common name for surround sound audio systems. 5.1 is the most commonly used layout in home theatres.[1] It uses five full bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel (the 'point one').[2]Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro Logic II, DTS, SDDS, and THX are all common 5.1 systems. 5.1 is also the standard surround sound audio component of digital broadcast and music.[3]
The first number, when talking about surround sound, always indicates the number of speakers that are at ear level. The second number is the number of subwoofers in the surround sound setup. So, for example, a 5.1.2 surround sound setup has 5 total ear-level speakers, one subwoofer, and two upward-firing speakers or ceiling speakers.
Garageband 5. 1 Surround Sound Receiver
All 5.1 systems use the same speaker channels and configuration, having a front left and right, a center channel, two surround channels (left and right) and the low-frequency effects channel designed for a subwoofer.
History[edit]
A prototype for five-channel surround sound, then dubbed 'quintaphonic sound', was used in the 1975 film Tommy.[4]
5.1 dates back to 1976,[5] when Dolby Labs modified the track usage of the six analogue magnetic soundtracks on Todd-AO 70 mm film prints. The Dolby application of optical matrix encoding in 1976 (released on the film Logan's Run) did not use split surrounds, and thus was not 5.1. Dolby first used split surrounds with 70 mm film, notably in 1979 with Apocalypse Now. Instead of the five screen channels and one surround channel of the Todd-AO format, Dolby Stereo 70 mm Six Track provided three screen channels, two high-passed surround channels and a low-frequency surround channel monophonically blended with the two surround channels.
When digital sound was applied to 35 mm release prints, with Batman Returns in 1992, the 5.1 layout was adopted. The ability to provide 5.1 sound had been one of the key reasons for using 70 mm for prestige screenings. The provision of 5.1 digital sound on 35 mm significantly reduced the use of the very expensive 70 mm format. Digital sound and the 5.1 format were introduced in 1990, by KODAK and Optical Radiation Corporation, with releases of Days of Thunder and The Doors using the CDS (Cinema Digital Sound) format.
5.1 digital surround, in the forms of Dolby Digital AC3 and DTS, started appearing on several mid-'90s LaserDisc releases, among the earliest being Clear and Present Danger and Jurassic Park (the latter having both AC3 and DTS versions). Many DVD releases have Dolby Digital tracks up to 5.1 channels, due to the implementation of Dolby Digital in the development of the DVD format. In addition, some DVDs have DTS tracks with most being 5.1 channel mixes (a few releases, however, have 6.1 “matrixed” or even discrete 6.1 tracks). Blu-ray and digital cinema both have eight-channel capability which can be used to provide either 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound. 7.1 is an extension of 5.1 that uses four surround zones: two at the sides and two at the back.
A system of digital 5.1 surround sound has also been used in 1987 at the Parisian cabaret the Moulin Rouge, created by French engineer Dominique Bertrand. To achieve such a system in 1985 a dedicated mixing console had to be designed in cooperation with Solid State Logic, based on their 5000 series, and dedicated speakers in cooperation with APG.[6] The console included ABCDEF channels. Respectively: A left, B right, C centre, D left rear, E right rear, F bass. The same engineer had already developed a similar 3.1 system in 1973, for use at the official International Summit of Francophone States in Dakar.
Application[edit]
Channel order[edit]
The order of channels in a 5.1 file is different across file formats. The order in WAV files is (not complete) Front Left, Front Right, Center, Low-frequency effects, Surround Left, Surround Right.[7]
Music[edit]
In music, the main goal of 5.1 surround sound is a proper localization and equability of all acoustic sources for a center-positioned audience. Therefore, ideally five matched speakers should be used.
For playback of 5.1 music, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommends the following configuration (ITU-R BS 775):[8]
- five speakers of the same size for front, center and surround
- identical distance from the listeners for all five speakers
- angle adjustment regarding viewing direction of audience: center 0°, front ±22.5° for movies ±30° for music, surround ±110°
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Surround Sound Examined: 5.1 vs 7.1 vs Virtual Surround - Tested.com'. Tested. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^'Understanding Surround Sound Formats'. Crutchfield.com. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^'What is 5.1'. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012.
- ^Mosely, John (January 1977). 'Quintaphonic Sound'. Journal of the SMPTE. l86.
- ^Miller, Michael (24 September 2004). 'The History of Surround Sound'. InformIT.
- ^'Recherche & Développement'. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
- ^'Multiple channel audio data and WAVE files'. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^Thomas Lund (1 September 2000), Enhanced Localization in 5.1 Production, Audio Engineering Society, retrieved 19 November 2015
Garageband 5. 1 Surround Sound Systems
Adobe Audition supports 5.1 surroundsound, which requires five speakers, plus one low frequency subwoofer(LFE). To properly monitor 5.1 surround sound , your computer musthave a sound card with at least six outputs, and those outputs mustbe mapped to the correct channels in Audition.
Choose Edit > Preferences > Audio Channel Mapping(Windows) or Audition > Preferences > Audio Channel Mapping(Mac OS).
L: Front left speaker.
R: Front right speaker.
C: Front center speaker.
LFE: Subwoofer
Ls: Left surround speaker.
Rs: Right surround speaker.
For more information,see Configureaudio inputs and outputs.
In the Waveform Editor, you can edit 5.1 surround files with the same tools used for mono and stereo files.
Garageband 5. 1 Surround Sound System
To restrict editing to a subset of 5.1 channels, see Specify which channels you want to edit.
Open or create a 5.1 multitrack session. (See Create a new multitrack session.)
To open the Track Panner, do either of the following:
Choose Window > Track Panner. Then select a mono or stereotrack in the Editor panel.
In the Editor or Mixer panel, double-click a surround plotfor a mono or stereo track.
Note:
You can pan onlymono and stereo tracks, not 5.1 tracks. To adjust the relative volumeof channels in a 5.1 file, open it in the Waveform Editor.
Double-click a surround plot to open the Track PannerTo enable or disable channels, click the L, C, R, Ls, andRs buttons. Or click LFE Only to send audio only to the subwoofer.
In the large surround plot, drag to change the position ofthe signal.
As you drag, white lines change in length fromthe speakers, reflecting the power of the signal in each. In thebackground, green and purple areas reflect the placement of leftand right stereo image; blue areas indicate where the image overlaps.
Below the surround plot, set the following options:
Angle
Shows where in the surround field the sound appears to originate from.For example, -90° is directly to the left, while 90° is directlyto the right.
Stereo Spread
Determines the separation between stereo audio tracks, withzero and -180° producing minimum separation, and -90° producing maximumseparation.
Radius
Determines how far around the surround field the sound extends. Forexample, 100% produces a focused sound originating from very few speakers,while 0% produces an unfocused sound originating from all speakers.
Center
For tracks panned to the front of the surround field, determinesthe percentage of Center channel level relative to Left and Rightlevel.
LFE
Controls the level of signal sent to the subwoofer.
To pan additional tracks, simply select them in the Editorpanel. The Track Panner automatically displays each track’s uniquesettings.
Note:
Garageband 5. 1 Surround Sound Speakers
To dynamically pan surround tracks over time,see Automating track settings.
In the Multitrack Editor, create a 5.1 bus track.(See Addor delete tracks.)
From the send output menu for an audio track, select the5.1 bus track. (See Setup a send.)
In the Sends area ofthe Editor and Mixer panels, a surround plot appears. Double-clickit to access the Track Panner for the send.